VATA medical engineering company
Production and distribution of medical equipment
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The most important part in the diagnosis process is the use of medical imaging devices that allow the patient to accurately identify the cause of the complication, monitor the progression of the disease and post-treatment evaluations. Radiology machine is one of the medical imaging devices that uses X-rays to capture images of internal organs. This device is mostly used to identify the causes of bone fractures due to throwing electrons in the direct path. By examining the radiographs, the doctor determines the extent of the bone fracture and whether surgery is needed
The radiology machine consists of various components such as x-ray tube, x-ray sliding column, x-ray collimators, x-ray generators, vertical bucky stand , high voltage cables, all of which are discussed below
The main part is the radiology machine, which is responsible for producing X-rays. The X-ray tube consists of a Pyrex glass vacuum bubble called an insert, which inside a cylindrical steel chamber contains two
fittings for connecting high-pressure cables and a valve for passing X-ray
The metal chamber is usually filled with a special oil with a high degree of insulation
:This compartment has three main functions
Isolate around the insert to radiation –
Protecting personnel from electric shock –
Conducting the heat generated in the insert to the outside –
The international standard states that if t is the duration of X-ray irradiation, the tube must be able to carry at least n = 1000 / t loads; for example, if the irradiation time is 0.1 seconds, the tube must do at least 10,000 irradiations
Inside the vacuum chamber, the insert glass consists of two poles, the cathode and the anode, which are responsible for producing X-rays, which we will get acquainted with the poles of the tube below
The negative pole is the X-ray lamp, which contains a filament with an electron source. The filament has an average voltage of 10 volts and an average current of 3 to 5 amps and is heated by it. The number of X-ray photons produced depends on the number of electrons moving from the cathode to the anode. The filament is a tungsten wire that heats up as current flows through it, and as a result of this temperature, a number of its electrons are separated from the metal surface by a small distance. This process is called thermionic radiation. For thermionic radiation to occur and generate a useful number of electrons, the filament must be heated to 2200 degrees. For this reason, filaments are made of tungsten. Because this material is easily formed into a thin and strong wire and has a high melting point (3370 degrees Celsius)
The rate at which electrons are emitted at the cathode depends on two factors: temperature and the useful surface area of the wire. For this reason, to increase the electron emission level, the wire is made into a spring. However, as this surface (the surface from which the electrons accelerate) grows, the target surface to which the electrons strike rapidly must also become larger, and this causes the heat generated to spread to a wider surface
The high potential difference between the cathode and the anode causes the electrons of the cathode filament to excite and create an electron cloud around the cathode. The acceleration of the electrons towards the anode and the collision of the electrons with the anode plate will lead to the emission of X-rays
The positive pole of the lamp is the X-ray lamp, which is made of tungsten and operates in a rotating manner
In radiographic images such as fluoroscopy and angiography, images must be taken continuously, so that the anode must be prevented from melting. To increase the heat capacity of the anode, it is usually made into a disc of a special alloy, including tungsten and rhenium, which is rotated by an induction motor. These tubes are called rotating anodes. These anodes can usually rotate at a normal speed of 3,000 rpm and a high speed of 10,000 rpm. Due to the collision of high-velocity electrons with the anode, most electrons are lost in the form of heat loss, and the rest of the electrons produce X-rays
The function of the generator is to supply the voltage required to produce X-rays in the radiology tube. Inside the generator there is a set of transformers and rectifier diodes to supply power to the generator. The power input of the generator is 220V single phase or 3 phase and its output increases up to 150 kV
The tube is powered by a high voltage generator with 2 high voltage 3-wire cables with insulated ends
The tube column, in addition to keeping the tube in the proper position, allows the tube to rotate in different positions. The movement of the tube can be controlled through mechanical locks on it.
The radiology table should be able to move at different angles for the technician to select the appropriate patient position
In some radiology images (chest), the patient needs to be placed upright to take radiology images. This
operation increases the speed of imaging and also increases the quality and better diagnosis of the doctor
It is a device used to limit X-rays. The collimator is connected to the output of the X-ray tube in the tube housing to adjust the size and shape of the X-ray beam. The collimator has 2 valves that can be opened and closed to change the range and intensity of X-rays
The three main parameters in the radiology device are tube voltage regulation, tube current and radiation duration or exposure, which with the development of microprocessors, the device has the possibility of automatic adjustment of parameters by the device
